May I refer you to the blog of Lauren Sutherland QC, whose article on Bolam and the Scottish case of Hunter -v- Hanley that preceded it, explains the developing law of medical negligence in the mid 20th century very well.
The Bolam test, as you may remember, is a key test in medical negligence although its scope is now considerably reduced by the ruling of the Supreme Court in the Montgomery -v- Lanarkshire Health Board case in 2015.